Turbulence is a notoriously difficult phenomenon to study. Mathematicians are now starting to untangle it at its smallest scales. Introduction On the afternoon of September 30, 1906, a crowd of 200,000 Parisians congregated near the city’s center to watch the premiere of what would become the world’s most prestigious gas balloon race. Sixteen of the greatest living aeronauts, hailing from seven countries, aimed to travel as far as they could before landing, with nothing but a hydrogen-release va...