AFM images and initial models for BM3, BM4, and BM5. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07559-x National Cancer Institute researchers have developed a method called HORNET for characterizing 3D topological structures of large and flexible RNA molecules. Scientists used atomic force microscopy (AFM) with deep neural networks and unsupervised machine learning to capture individual conformers under physiological conditions. Human RNAs are transcribed with structural elements crucial for...