BackgroundIn the last ~10 or so years, many of the popular scripting languages gained optional static typing: JavaScript (via TypeScript), PHP, Python, even Ruby has something along the lines as far as I know.It’s become quite widespread in each of these languages’ communities, to the point of being considered a best practice for applications, and definitely for libraries.It’s easy to see how type annotations are useful — let’s take this function that doesn’t have them:def check_permission(user,...