Nvidia Corp., the chipmaker at the center of a boom in artificial intelligence use, is teaming up with Alphabet Inc.’s Google to pursue another technology once relegated to science fiction: quantum computing. Google’s Quantum AI division will use Nvidia’s Eos supercomputer to speed up the design of quantum components, according to a statement from the companies on Monday. The idea is to simulate the physics that’s required for quantum processors to work, helping them overcome current limitations...