G42, a startup in Abu Dhabi, has made itself into an up-and-coming technology conglomerate over the past six years, with a sprawling product portfolio that extends into large language models, human genomics and spacecraft. While mostly unknown outside of the Middle East, G42 has become intertwined with some of the biggest US technology and artificial intelligence companies, including Amazon.com Inc. and OpenAI Inc. A defining moment for G42 came on April 16, when Microsoft Corp. revealed a $1.5 ...