Big Pineapple, the platform behind 1.1.1.1, Gateway DNS, DNS Firewall, AS112, and several other Cloudflare DNS services, stores over 250 billion DNS cache entries at any given time. At that scale, wasting a single byte per entry costs more than 250 gigabytes of memory across our fleet.Five successive changes to how cache entries are stored in memory cut the per-entry footprint by over 50%. Across our fleet, these changes freed up roughly 100 terabytes of memory, equivalent to the amount of RAM i...