The value of Alphabet Inc.’s stake in the artificial intelligence startup Anthropic PBC has soared to around $124 billion, making it one of the most lucrative bets in the company’s history.The Google parent disclosed in a filing Thursday that the value of its investments in unidentified private companies totaled roughly $124.3 billion as of June 30. The filing notes that this value is “primarily” driven by one investment, which is a reference to Alphabet’s stake in Anthropic, according to a pers...