Executive Summary On December 8, the Trump administration announced plans to loosen U.S. export controls on artificial intelligence (AI) chips to China by approving the sale of Nvidia H200 chips—the most powerful AI chip ever approved for export to China. That decision was driven in part by concerns that Huawei is becoming a viable competitor to Nvidia in AI chips, making U.S. export controls less effective. However, a comparison of publicly available data on AI chip performance from both compan...