TLDR; This tutorial is a complete implementation of Angluin’s L-star algorithm with PAC learning for inferring input grammars of blackbox programs in Python (i.e. without using equivalence queries). Such grammars are typically useful for fuzzing such programs. The Python interpreter is embedded so that you can work through the implementation steps. In many previous posts, I have discussed how to parse with, fuzz with, and manipulate regular and context-free grammars. However, in many cases, such...